DOMAIN/ CONCERN	Education	Management	Counseling	Arts	Common themes/ results
Fixed leader belief system	Content only; discipline-based	Projection and standard resources	One school of therapeutic thought; UFT	Apprentice model	Lack of resources
Follower restrictive tacit assumptions	No time, no process, no recourse	Various preconcep-tions, political especially	Childhood-based & superimposed on therapy	Don’t have anything new to express; copy others	Lack of progress
Leader-follower dynamics	L plays "I’m the expert"); insists F "pay dues" to the discipline	L has Model I values (plays power game)	Hiding behind the transference	L has unrealistic expectations; double binds	Theoretical abuse; F loses confidence; performance anxiety
THE WAYS OUT: LEADER GOES FIRST
Paradigm shift; macro change	Development-based structural presentation	Customized resources	Dialectical thinking	Process model	Takes cues from followers wrt diversity of need
Interventions into follower micro processes	Problem-solving system; coaching, prompting	Just in time mentoring: informs, guides, gives feedback	Critical incidents; growth-comfort balancing	Encourage F self-expression from the start	Surfaces follower assumptions; liberates and empowers
Change dynamics	Investigate F reasoning	Adopt Model II values & be confrontable	(L) Undergo counseling for CT	Give F space to develop	L learns from F and grows as a result